American Indian or Alaska Native
11%
Silovsky, J. F., Bard, D., Chaffin, M., Hecht, D., Burris, L., Owora, A., Beasley, L., Doughty, D., & Lutzker, J. (2011). Prevention of child maltreatment in high-risk rural families: A randomized clinical trial with child welfare outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(8), 1435–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.023
Model(s): SafeCare®
This manuscript describes findings for an enhanced model, SafeCare Augmented. For more information about SafeCare Augmented, see the Tailored services and enhanced models section of SafeCare's model page.
Family Economic Self-Sufficiency
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Statistical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Resources Scale- Revised (FRS-R) | 10 months | High | 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Family Resources Scale- Revised (FRS-R) | 17 months | High | 0.40 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest |
Linkages and Referrals
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Statistical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Referrals/linkages to additional services | 10 months | High | Not available | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest |
Maternal Health
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Statistical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory 2 (BDI-2) | 10 months | High | 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Beck Depression Inventory 2 (BDI-2) | 17 months | High | 0.31 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Diagnostic Inventory Schedule (DIS) | 10 months | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Diagnostic Inventory Schedule (DIS), alcohol module | 17 months | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Diagnostic Inventory Schedule (DIS), drug module | 10 months | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Diagnostic Inventory Schedule (DIS), drug module | 17 months | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Social Provisions Scale (SPS) | 10 months | High | 0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Social Provisions Scale (SPS) | 17 months | High | 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest |
Reductions In Child Maltreatment
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Statistical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) | 10 months | High | 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) | 17 months | High | 0.38 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC), nonviolent discipline | 10 months | High | 0.16 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC), nonviolent discipline | 17 months | High | 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC), physical assault | 10 months | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC), physical assault | 17 months | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC), psychological aggression | 10 months | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC), psychological aggression | 17 months | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Referral to child welfare where child was removed from the home | 700 days | High | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest |
Reductions in Juvenile Delinquency, Family Violence, and Crime
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Statistical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conflict Tactics Scale 2 (CTS-2), negotiation | 10 months | High | 0.08 | Statistically significant, p < 0.001 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale 2 (CTS-2), negotiation | 17 months | High | 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale 2 (CTS-2), partnered | 10 months | High | 0.75 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Conflict Tactics Scale 2 (CTS-2), partnered | 17 months | High | 0.28 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest | |
| Referral to child welfare for domestic violence | 716 days | High | Not available | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 105 families | Rural Southwest |
This study included participants from the following locations:
- State not reported or international
Study Participants
- Eligible families had a caregiver at least 16 years of age, at least one child aged 5 or younger, and at least one of the following risk factors: parental substance abuse, mental health issues, or intimate partner violence (IPV).
- Eligible participants who consented to be a part of the study completed the baseline assessment and were randomized to the intervention or control condition.
- In the treatment group, the sample was 74 percent white, 14 percent African American, 4 percent Latino, 7 percent American Indian or Alaska Native, and 1 percent Asian.
Setting
The study took place in a rural county in the American Southwest, with a population of fewer than 100,000 people and fewer than 30,000 households.
Intervention condition
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
The comparison group received standard home-based mental health services, including individual and family therapy and case management services.
Funding Sources
Not specified.
Study design characteristics contributing to rating
| Design | Random assignment compromised? | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors? | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | No | Low |
Established on race, socioeconomic status, and baseline outcomes |
None |
Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed under Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 1 |
Notes from the review of this manuscript
In 2020, HomVEE updated findings from this review to move findings from the Social Provision Scale from the Family Economic Self-Sufficiency domain to the Maternal Health domain because ACF determined that HomVEE should place outcomes measuring social support for the mother in the Maternal Health domain. Similarly, based on ACF determination in 2021, HomVEE placed the finding about referral to child welfare for domestic violence in the Reductions in Juvenile Delinquency, Family Violence, and Crime domain, updated from its earlier placement in the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain.
In a general review of the HomVEE website in 2018, it was determined that two outcomes did not meet the original review criteria requiring that all reports of child maltreatment be substantiated: post-enrollment referral to child welfare and post-enrollment referral to child welfare for neglect. Those two outcomes are no longer included in the review.